How to schedule a job for a specific system?

How to schedule a job for a specific system?

As you might be aware, JES2 and JES3 can be used to manage a multiprocessor network that consists of more than one system.

In a multiprocessor network, each system operates under the control of its own copy of OS/390 or ZOS. 

However, the JES components of each processor’s operating system are connected in various ways to the JES components of the other processors, and a common spool is used to service all the processors in the network.

IBM Mainframe Architecture 

As a result, JES2 and JES3 can control how jobs are processed by the systems within the multiprocessor network.

• The term system affinity can be used to describe the relationship between a job and the system on which it executes.

• Under JES2, you use the SYSAFF parameter of the /*JOBPARM statement to specify system affinity. 

• Under JES3, you use the SYSTEM parameter of the //*MAIN statement.

The global processor is the processor that’s in charge of the entire network. A local processor is one that’s controlled by the global processor.

The syntax for the SYSAFF parameter of the JES2 /*JOBPARM statement

SYSAFF= {*} {(system-name,…)} {ANY}

Explanation

*	The job will run on the system that reads it (the default).
system-name	A one- to four-character system-id defined in the multiprocessor network that identifies which processor will run the job. If more than one system-name is specified, the job can run on any one of the processors listed.
ANY	The job can run on any available processor.

The syntax for the SYSTEM parameter of the JES3 //*MAIN statement

SYSTEM= {[/](main-name,…)} {JGLOBAL} {JLOCAL} {ANY} 

Explanation

main-name	A system-id defined in the multiprocessor network that identifies which processor will be used to run the job. If more than one main-name is specified, the job can run on any one of the processors listed.
/	The job can run on any processor except the one(s) listed.
JGLOBAL	The job must run on the global processor.
JLOCAL	The job can run on any local processor.
ANY	The job can run on any available processor.

Specifying system affinity

Under JES2

/*JOBPARM  SYSAFF=MVSA
/*JOBPARM  SYSAFF=(MVSA,MVSB)
/*JOBPARM  SYSAFF=ANY

Under JES3

//*MAIN    SYSTEM=(MVSA,MVSC,MVSD)
//*MAIN    SYSTEM=JLOCAL
//*MAIN    SYSTEM=/MVSB

Mainframe-Forum

How to create and use cataloged procedures.

JCL Catalog Procedure's

A JCL cataloged procedure (or just procedure) is a pre-written segment of code consisting of one or more job steps that you can include in a job stream. 

By using procedures/JCL catalog procedure, the amount of JCL coding you have to do is reduced, resulting in fewer coding errors and greater productivity.

Definition of cataloged procedure. 

A cataloged procedure is a series of JCL statements that are stored in a partitioned data set and may be invoked by any job on the system.

Typical types of cataloged procedures

• IBM-supplied procedures that compile, link, and run programs
• JCL steps that back up, delete and define VSAM files
• Programs that are required by many jobs
• Large jobs where it makes sense to separate the steps into manageable procedures.

Important Points:

Cataloged procedures are stored in partitioned data sets and can be invoked by any job on the system. When you invoke a cataloged procedure, the system looks for it in the system procedure library, SYS1.PROCLIB, unless you specify otherwise.

The syntax for invoking a JCL procedure

EXEC [PROC=]procedure-name

Explanation

procedure-name

Identifies the procedure to be called and executed. For cataloged procedures, it’s the member name of the procedure. For in-stream procedures, it’s the name on the PROC statement that begins the procedure.

Example:

A job that invokes a cataloged procedure

//RC01RN JOB (45512),'R ROGGER',NOTIFY=RC01
//STEP1 EXEC TMP3000
//

The cataloged JCL procedure named TMP3000 that is invoked

//TMP3000 PROC
//TMP3010 EXEC PGM=EMP33010
//SYSOUT  DD SYSOUT=*
//INVMAST DD DSNAME=RCA2.INVE.MASTER.FILE,DISP=SHR
//INVSEL  DD DSNAME=&&INVSEL,DISP=(NEW,PASS),
//           UNIT=SYSDA,SPACE=(CYL,(20,10))
//SELCTL  DD DUMMY
//INV3020 EXEC PGM=EMP3020
//SYSOUT  DD SYSOUT=*
//INVMAST DD DSNAME=&&INVSEL,DISP=(OLD,DELETE)
//INVSLST DD SYSOUT=*

JCL IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF Statement Construct.

JCL IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF Statement Construct.

The IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement construct provides a simple meaning of selectively executing jobs steps and eliminates the need to struggle with the COND parameter.

The IF statement is always followed by a relational-expression and a THEN clause. Optionally, an ELSE clause can follow the THEN clause. An ENDIF statement always follows the ELSE clause, if present, or the THEN clause.

• The THEN clause specifies the job steps that the system processes when the evaluation of the relational-expression for the IF statement is a true condition. The system evaluates the relational-expression at execution time.

• The ELSE clause specifies the job steps that the system processes when the evaluation of the relational-expression for the IF statement is a false condition.

• The ENDIF statement indicates the end of the IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement construct and must be coded for each construct.

You can nest IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement constructs up to a maximum of 15 levels. The steps that execute in a THEN clause and an ELSE clause can be another IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement construct.

You code the construct as follows:

//[name] IF [(]relational-expression[)] THEN [comments] 

              . . action when relational-expression is true  

//[name] ELSE [comments] 

             . . action when relational-expression is false  

//[name] ENDIF [comments]

The IF statement consists of the characters // in columns 1 and 2 and the five fields: name, operation (IF), the relational-expression, the characters THEN, and comments.

The relational-expression can be enclosed in parentheses.

The ELSE statement consists of the characters // in columns 1 and 2 and the three fields: name, operation (ELSE), and comments.

The ENDIF statement consists of the characters // in columns 1 and 2 and the three fields: name, operation (ENDIF), and comments.

Exmple : 1

//   IF  RC > 4  THEN

You can continue relational-expressions on the next JCL statement. Break the relational-expression where a blank is valid on the current statement, and continue the expression beginning in column 4 through 16 of the next statement. Do not put comments on the statement that you are continuing. You can code comments after you have completed the statement.

Example : 2

//TESTCON  IF (RC = 8 | RC = 10 | RC = 12 |

//            RC = 14)  THEN  COMMENTS OK HERE

                   .

                   .

A relational-expression consists of:

• Comparison operators
• Logical operators
• NOT (¬) operators
• Relational-expression keywords. 

Example : 3

//  IF (STEPA.RC GE 1 AND STEPA.RC LT 4) THEN

//STEP010 EXEC PGM=EMP001 {system execute this step for RC 0 to 4}

//  ELSE

//STEP020 EXEC PGM=EMP002 {system execute this step for RC > than 4}

// ENDIF

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JCL Command Quick Reference.

JCL Command Quick Reference.

Job Control Language (JCL) is used to tell the system what program to execute, followed by a description of program inputs and outputs. It is possible to submit JCL for batch processing or start a JCL procedure (PROC), which is considered a started task.

The details of JCL can be complicated but the general concepts are quite simple. Also, a small subset of JCL accounts for at least 90% of what is actually used.

Job control language (JCL) is a set of statements that you code to tell the z/OS® operating system about the work you want it to perform.

Although this set of statements is quite large, most jobs can be run using a very small subset. Below is list of important command.

Job Control Language Statements  Quick Reference.

JCL SORT: DFSORT Syntax, Examples and Common SYSIN Cards



JCL SORT DFSORT SYSIN cards for ascending, descending and multi-field sorts.

Sequential files are still commonly used in mainframe shops to store transaction records. Then, before the records in these files can be processed, they often need to be sorted or merged into an appropriate sequence. For instance, sales transactions may need to be sorted into salesperson, customer, or item number sequence before they can be used to prepare reports or update master files. 

To do this sorting or merging, you use the sort/merge utility that comes with OS/390. As you will see, you normally use JCL to run this utility as a standalone program. However, you can also use this utility to do an internal sort or internal merge within an application program. 

The JCL requirements for sorting

Sort the records in a file, the sort/merge utility (or program) reads the records from one or more input files, sorts them based on the data in one or more control fields (or sort keys), and writes the sorted records to an output file. 

If you want to sort two or more files at the same time, you can concatenate them like this: 

//SORTIN DD DSNAME=RC01.INVOICE.TRANS.APRIL,DISP=SHR 

//       DD DSNAME=RC01.INVOICE.TRANS.MAY,DISP=SHR
//       DD DSNAME=RC01.INVOICE.TRANS.JUNE,DISP=SHR
This assumes of course that the control field is in the same location in all of the files.

Although the JCL for this job step provides for only one work file, you can provide for more than one. Either way, the space allocation for the work files should be about twice the combined sizes of the input files. That extra space lets the sort/merge program work more efficiently while it does the sorting.

JCL Sort.

The DD statements required by a sort

DD name	Use
SORTLIB	A partitioned data set that contains the modules required by the sort/merge utility. Normally, SYS1.SORTLIB.
SYSOUT	The messages produced by the sort/merge utility. Normally, a SYSOUT data set.
SORTIN	The input file or files to be sorted. If more than one file is to be sorted, you can concatenate them.
SORTOUT	The sorted output file. It can be a new non-VSAM file with DISP=(NEW,KEEP) or DISP=(NEW,CATLG), an extension of an existing non-VSAM file with DISP=MOD, or an existing VSAM file.
SORTWKnn	The work files required by the sort, where nn is a consecutive number starting with 01. One or two files are usually adequate, and the total DASD space allocated to the work files should be about twice the input file size. You can specify up to 255 work files.
SYSIN	The sort control statements. Normally, an instream data set.

Common JCL SORT SYSIN Cards

The SYSIN DD statement tells DFSORT which fields to sort and which sequence to use. In a fixed-length file, the first number is the starting byte, the second number is the field length, the format tells DFSORT how to read the data, and A or D sets ascending or descending order.

Ascending character sort

//SYSIN   DD *
  SORT FIELDS=(9,5,CH,A)
/*

This sorts on a 5-byte character field that starts in position 9. Use this when a customer code, item code, state code, or short name field must run from low value to high value.

Descending character sort

//SYSIN   DD *
  SORT FIELDS=(9,5,CH,D)
/*

The same field can be sorted in reverse sequence by changing A to D. This is useful when the newest code, highest alphabetic range, or reverse report order must appear first.

Multi-field sort

//SYSIN   DD *
  SORT FIELDS=(1,10,CH,A,20,8,ZD,D)
/*

This sorts first by a 10-byte character key in ascending order, then by an 8-byte zoned decimal field in descending order. For example, a report can group records by account number and put the largest amount first inside each account.

For filtering records before or after a sort, see JCL SORT INCLUDE and OMIT examples. If you are still setting up the full job, start with the JCL tutorial for JOB, EXEC and DD statements.

Example: Sample SORT JCL.

//RCORT01 JOB  (...JOB CARD..) 
//SORT    EXEC PGM=SORT
//SORTLIB DD DSNAME=SYS1.SORTLIB,DISP=SHR
//SYSOUT  DD SYSOUT=*
//SORTIN  DD DSNAME=RCKT10.INVOICE.TRANS,DISP=SHR
//SORTOUT DD DSNAME=RCKT10.INVOICE.TRANS.SORTED,DISP=(NEW,CATLG),
//                  UNIT=SYSDA,VOL=SER=MPS8BV,
//                  SPACE=(CYL,(10,5))
//SORTWK01 DD UNIT=SYSDA,SPACE=(CYL,(20,5))
//SYSIN    DD * 
  SORT FIELDS=(9,5,CH,A)
/*

JCL SORT FAQ

What does SYSIN do in a JCL SORT step?

SYSIN supplies the DFSORT control statements. In the sample job, the SORT statement in SYSIN tells DFSORT which field starts at byte 9, how many bytes to read, which data format to use, and whether the output should be ascending or descending.

How do I read SORT FIELDS=(9,5,CH,A)?

Read it as: start at position 9, sort 5 bytes, treat the field as character data, and sort in ascending order. If the key field moves in the input layout, change the starting position and length to match the new copybook or record layout.

What is the difference between A and D in DFSORT?

A means ascending sequence and D means descending sequence. For character keys, ascending puts lower character values first. For numeric keys such as zoned decimal fields, descending puts the largest numeric values first.

Can JCL SORT use more than one key field?

Yes. Add each field to the SORT FIELDS list in priority order. DFSORT sorts by the first key first, then uses the second key when two records have the same value in the first key.

When should I use INCLUDE or OMIT with SORT?

Use INCLUDE when only matching records should go to SORTOUT. Use OMIT when matching records should be dropped. Filtering before the sort can reduce the number of records DFSORT has to order.